• Furthermore we found that downregulation of endogeneous

  2018-10-20

  

  Furthermore, we found that downregulation of endogeneous BMP2 suppressed osteogenesis and increased adipogenesis, similar to the effect of miR-17-5p or miR-106a overexpression. Moreover, inhibitory effects of miR-17-5p and miR-106a on osteogenesis and adipogenesis of hADSCs could be reversed by BMP2

• For the reproducible neuronal differentiation of hiPSCs

  2018-10-20

  

  For the reproducible neuronal differentiation of hiPSCs a desirable beneficial step is the establishment of a self-renewable neuronal precursor cell (NPC) line (Falk et al., 2012; Marchetto et al., 2010). Such NPCs can be expanded extensively and subsequently differentiated to a defined neuronal pop

• substance p Epiretinal transplantation does not involve

  2018-10-20

  

  Epiretinal transplantation does not involve retinal detachment and may cause less trauma to the retina as compared with subretinal cell delivery. However vitreous detachment in patients causes increased photopsias, floaters and increased risk of retinal detachment and macular holes (de Smet et al.,

• A microsatellite PCR profile has been

  2018-10-20

  

  A microsatellite PCR profile has been obtained for the cell line, and HLA Class I and II typing is available (Table 2). Blood group genotyping gave the blood group O1O1 (Table 2). Verification and authentication The cell line was analysed for genome stability by G-banding (Fig. 3) and showed a n

• There was a decrease of NF B nuclear translocation on

  2018-10-20

  

  There was a decrease of NF-κB nuclear translocation on immunofluorescence of lung tissue at 4h, in hMSC treated pigs versus untreated controls. The number of EZ Cap Reagent GG with positively staining nuclei for NF-κB was significantly lower in the treatment group compared to controls. This suggests

• Embryonic stem cells ESCs are widely

  2018-10-20

  

  Embryonic stem MM-102 (ESCs) are widely used to study early differentiation processes (Posfai et al., 2014). They also hold promise for therapeutic approaches in the field of regenerative medicine (Dressel, 2011; Dressel et al., 2008; Song et al., 2015; Tang and Drukker, 2011). Yet, immune rejection

• In our reprogramming culture aside from

  2018-10-20

  

  In our reprogramming culture, aside from insulin production, we also observed expression of α and δ cell hormones, glucagon and somatostatin, respectively in a sub-population of cells. This is likely due to the constitutive expression of reprogramming factors Ngn3 and Pax6. Both transcription factor

• br Results br Discussion Extracellular

  2018-10-20

  

  Results Discussion Extracellular signaling factors play critical roles in regulating the balance between stem cell self-renewal and differentiation (Jones and Wagers, 2008; Spradling et al., 2001). In the present study, we identify CRIPTO as one such factor that promotes multipotency and maint

• br Results br Discussion Our report represents a

  2018-10-20

  

  Results Discussion Our report represents a genome-wide study to understand the genetic variance in culture-expanded human MSCs. The emergence of multiple low-frequency SNCs in primary marrow MNCs (Figure 2A) indicates the existence of small clones carrying unique private somatic mutations, con

• Pitolisant hydrochloride Our data confirm previously unrecog

  2018-10-20

  

  Our data confirm previously unrecognized levels of temporal diversity and complexity in the subclonal landscape of GBM. In all cases analyzed, genetically distinct subclones had variable serial repopulating activity in vivo. We can exclude the possibility that the presence of in vitro aberrations pl

• Using a chemically defined monolayer neural differentiation

  2018-10-20

  

  Using a chemically defined, monolayer neural differentiation system (Lippmann et al., 2014), we determined that by temporally modulating Wnt/β-catenin and FGF signaling, hPSCs could be differentiated into pure SOX2+/Brachyury+ NMPs that were stable for 7 days. Over this period, the NMPs exhibited co

• Surprisingly we found that the presence

  2018-10-20

  

  Surprisingly, we found that the presence of a single SNP 43 bp away from the PKLR TALEN cutting site was an impediment to HR. The presence of an SNP, which disrupts the complete matching between the genome sequence and homology arm, has already been reported to reduce the frequency of HR (Deyle et a

• br Results br Discussion The cognitive

  2018-10-20

  

  Results Discussion The cognitive deficits associated with prenatal VPA exposure might not due solely to the reduced neurogenesis with the abnormal neuronal morphology in the hippocampus, and there is a possibility that the low freezing responses in fear associative tests were contributed by th

• br Experimental Procedures br Author Contributions br Acknow

  2018-10-20

  

  Experimental Procedures Author Contributions Acknowledgments We thank Y. Sasai (RIKEN, Japan) for the RAX-GFP mESC line, M. Wegner (University of Erlangen, Germany) for SOX9, E. Tanaka (CRTD, Germany) for RAX and CRX, and D. Forrest (NIDDK, USA) for TRβ2 antibodies. We thank J. Brzezinski (

• The adult mammalian kidney is

  2018-10-20

  

  The adult mammalian kidney is an organ with very low cell cycling during homeostasis but remarkable proliferating capacity after injury. It is still unresolved whether the kidney contains bona fide stem cells. Humphreys et al. (2008) genetically marked cells using Six2, a transcription factor expres

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